Modern Methods of Cleaning, Desalination and Conservation of Porous Building Materials in the Restoration of Architectural Heritage
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17980441Anahtar Kelimeler:
salt corrosion, desalination of porous materials, electrokinetic methods, poultices and hydrophobization, biocidal cleaningÖzet
This review article examines modern methods of cleaning, desalination, and conservation of porous building materials (brick, limestone, sandstone, plaster) used in the restoration of architectural heritage from the 18th-20th centuries. The physico-chemical mechanisms of salt corrosion, capillary moisture rise, and biodegradation are analyzed. Traditional (mechanical, poultice-based) and innovative (electrokinetic, laser, biocidal) technologies are systematized with an assessment of their efficiency, depth of action, and long-term performance. Using the example of the Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi (14th century, UNESCO), the implementation of an integrated approach is demonstrated: electrokinetic desalination (removal of 78% of salts), zeolite poultices, laser glaze ablation, and silane hydrophobization, which together ensured the stabilization of the monument while preserving its authenticity. The article also outlines prospects for further development, including digital monitoring, nanomodified materials, and self-regulating protective coatings.
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